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MIDDLE SCHOOL EDUCATION

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MIDDLE SCHOOL EDUCATION

21st Century Skills
Global Perspective

Table Of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction 

1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of Learning
1.3 Learning Opportunities for Students
1.4 Meaning of a Specialised Degree
1.5 Importance of Artificial Intelligence
1.6 Importance of Education and Training
1.7 Importance of Time Management
1.8 Top Ten Best Global Universities
1.9 Best College Majors for the Future Rankings
1.10 Investments in Education with Specialised Degrees by Top Ten Billionaires
1.11 Recent Application of Technology in Education
1.12 Investments by Top Ten Billionaires in the United States
1.13 Investments by Top Ten Billionaires in India
1.14 Investments by Top Ten Billionaires in China
1.15 Investments by Top Ten Women Billionaires
1.16 Investments by Top Ten Billionaires in 18 Industries
1.17 The Rise of Humanoid Robots in China

Chapter 2 Fields of Study

2.1 Fields of Study and Broad Subject Area
2.2 Different Types of Professional Specialists
2.3 Fields of Study
2.4 U.S. Institute of Education – Subfields of Study
2.5 Definition of a Specialist
2.6 Subcategories of Fields of Study
2.7 Dow Jones and FTSE’s Industry Classification System
2.8 Scholarly (Academic) Journals for Research

Chapter 4 Law and Legal Education

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Different Types of Laws
4.3 Civil Law versus Criminal Law
4.4 Public Law
4.5 What Is Crime
4.6 Types of Crime
4.7 Criminal Offenses
4.8 What are the Different Types of Crime?
4.9 Branches of Law
4.10 Specialisations within the Field of Law
4.11 Types of Law Degrees
4.12 Crimes Against a Person and Property

Chapter 6 Engineering and Technology Education

6.1 Roles of Different Types of Engineers
6.2 Different Types of Engineers
6.3 Duties of Different Types of Engineers
6.4 Specialties in Computer Science
6.5 Specialisations within the Field

Chapter 8 Natural Sciences Education

8.1 Types of Earth Scientists
8.2 Top Ten Best Global Universities in Natural Sciences
8.3 Types of Natural Scientists
8.4 Fields of Study in Natural Sciences
8.5 Natural Sciences
8.6 Subspecialties in Natural Sciences

Chapter 10 Health Sciences Education

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Health Sciences
10.3 Importance of Healthcare Industry
10.4 Health Sciences Specialties
10.5 Medicine Specialties
10.6 Meaning of Allied Health Professionals
10.7 Importance of Allied Health Professionals
10.8 Top 10 Highest-Paid Occupations in U.S. in 2024
10.9 Medical and Healthcare Specialists
10.10 Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs)
10.11 What is a Doctor?
10.12 Funding of Health Education by Billionaires
10.13 Top U.S. Colleges for Billionaires as at March 2025
10.14 Top Ten Best Global Universities in Medicine

Chapter 12 Earth Sciences Education

12.1 Introduction
12.2 Earth Science
12.3 Main Branches of Earth Science
12.4 Geoscience
12.5 Planetary Science
12.6 The Four Spheres of the Earth
12.7 Oceanography and Astronomy
12.8 Geology and Meteorology
12.9 Different Types of Earth Scientists
12.10 Marine Biology and Marine Geology
12.11 Hydrogeology and Hydrology
12.12 Geophysics and Geochemistry
12.13 Marine Geochemistry, Marine Geophysics and Marine Surveying
12.14 Top Ten Best Global Universities in Earth and Planetary Sciences
12.15 Branches of Earth and Planetary Science
12.16 Branches of Geology
12.17 Major Fields of Study within Geoscience
12.18 Types of Subspecialists in Geosciences
12.19 Biological Sciences

Chapter 14 Basic Terms and Concepts

14.1 HIV and AIDS Related Concepts
14.2 Countries with high HIV Infections and high AIDS-related Deaths
14.3 Largest Countries by Population
14.4 United Nations Agenda 2030
14.5 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Performance
14.6 Top Ten Countries in Terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Performance
and GDP per Capita
14.7 Top Countries in terms of GDP performance and Population Size
14.8 Largest Economies in Asia in terms of GDP Performance
14.9 Largest Economies in Europe in terms of GDP Performance

Chapter 16 Basic Terms and Concepts II

16.1 Types of Specialties
16.2 Types of Specialties I
16.3 Definitions of Medical Specialists

16.4 Definitions of the Grouping of Countries
16.5 Largest Economies in Latin America and the Caribbean
in terms of GDP Performance
16.6 Largest Economies in Africa in terms of GDP Performance
16.7 Professional Specialists for Visionary Students
16.8 Types of Computer Scientists
16.9 Types of Data Scientists
16.10 Different Types of Technology
16.11 Definitions of the Types of Technology
16.12 Top Ten Most Traded Global Commodities
16.13 Definitions of the Top Ten Most Traded Global Commodities
16.14 Main Branches of Engineering
16.15 Selected Specialisations in Engineering
16.16 Specialties in Computer Science
16.17 Specialisations within the Field of Computer Science and Information
Technology (IT)

Chapter 3 Bachelor’s Degrees

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Different Types of Bachelor Degrees
3.3 Fields of Study with Bachelor Degrees Conferred in U.S.in 2022
3.4 Bachelor’s Degrees Conferred in U.S. in 2021

Chapter 5 Social Sciences and Management Education

5.1 Fields of Study in Social Sciences and Management
5.2 Performance of Big Five Tech Companies
5.3 Skills to Run a Successful Business Operations
5.4 Factors Behind a Successful Business
5.5 Fifteen Largest Companies by Market Capitalisation
5.6 Management Styles
5.7 Meaning of Business Management
5.8 Business Management vs. Business Administration
5.9 Finance
5.10 Main Sectors in Finance
5.11 Definitions of the Main Financial Sectors
5.12 Definitions of Financial Services
5.13 Types of Business Management
5.14 Nvidia’s Spectacular Performance

Chapter 7 Medicine Education

7.1 Health
7.2 Types of Different Healthcare Specialists
7.3 What is a Doctor?
7.4 Selected Specialists and Subspecialists
7.5 Top 10 Highest-Paid Occupations in U.S. in 2024
7.6 Education and Training for Medical Doctors (MD)
7.7 Medicine
7.8 Medical Specialties and Surgical Specialties
7.9 Types of Doctors
7.10 Internal Medicine Specialist
7.11 Specialists and Surgeons
7.12 American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)
7.13 Funding of Health Education by Billionaires
7.14 Top U.S. Colleges for Billionaires as at March 2025
7.15 Top Ten Best Global Universities in Medicine

Chapter 9 Life Sciences Education

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Branches of Biology Degree Programs
9.3 Meaning of Biological Sciences

9.4 What Is Biophysics?
9.5 Selected Branches of Biology
9.6 Careers in Biology
9.7 Importance of Biological Scientists
9.8 What is a Biological Scientist?
9.9 Types of Biologists
9.10 Most Popular Types of Biologists
9.11 Top Ten Universities in Life Sciences
9.12 Applied Research by Biological Scientists
9.13 Academic Programs of Interest
9.14 Marine Biology versus Biological Oceanography
9.15 What Do Biophysicists Do?
9.16 What Do Biochemists Do?
9.17 Marine Biology
9.18 Importance of Neuroscience
9.19 Neurodevelopmental Disorders
9.20 Neuroscientist and Brain Structures

Chapter 11 Arts and Humanities Education

11.1 Introduction
11.2 Fields of Study in Arts and Humanities
11.3 Meaning of Arts and Humanities
11.4 Language Studies

11.5 English as a Second Language (ESL)
11.6 Linguistics
11.7 Literature
11.8 Religious Studies and Theology
11.9 Christian Studies
11.10 Islamic Studies
11.11 Design Studies
11.12 History Studies
11.13 Archaeology
11.14 Studies for Writers
11.15 Music Studies
11.16 Library Studies
11.17 Liberal Arts
11.18 Philosophy and Classics
11.19 Top Ten Best Global Universities in Arts and Humanities

Chapter 13 Specialties in Various Fields of Study

13.1 Introduction
13.2 Subspecialties in Arts and Humanities
13.3 Subspecialties in Engineering and Technology
13.4 Subspecialties in Life Sciences
13.5 Specialties in Medicine
13.6 Subspecialties in Natural Sciences
13.7 Subspecialties in Social Sciences and Management

Chapter 15 Basic Terms and Concepts I

15.1 Types of Occupations
15.2 Dow Jones and FTSE’s Industry Classification System
15.3 Employment based on Economic Sectors Classifications
15.4 Employment based on United Nations Industry Classifications
15.5 Employment by the Billionaires Sector
15.6 Constitutional Law Specialist on the Separation of Powers
15.7 Major Players in the Global Economy
15.8 Characteristics of Developing Countries
15.9 Characteristics of Developed Countries
15.10 World Regions and Grouping of Countries

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